GCSE
GCSE
GCSE Biology
- Photosynthesis and limiting factors (RP6)
- Respiration, exercise and metabolism
- Chromosomes, mitosis and stem cells
- Culturing microorganisms (RP2)
- Diffusion, osmosis and active transport (RP3)
- Eukaryotes, prokaryotes and specialised cells
- Microscopy and magnification (RP1)
- Biodiversity, pollution, land use and global warming
- Carbon and water cycles, decomposition and environmental change (RP10)
- Communities, abiotic and biotic factors, adaptations
- Food chains, predator–prey cycles and field sampling (RP9)
- Food security, farming, fisheries and biotechnology
- Trophic levels, pyramids and transfer of biomass
- Endocrine system and blood glucose control
- Homeostasis, the nervous system and reflexes (RP7)
- Plant hormones and tropisms (RP8)
- Reproductive hormones, contraception, infertility and negative feedback
- The brain, the eye and control of body temperature
- Water and nitrogen balance (kidneys and ADH)
- Antibiotics, painkillers and drug development
- Communicable diseases and pathogens
- Human defence systems and vaccination
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Plant diseases and plant defences
- Classification of living organisms
- Genetic inheritance, inherited disorders and sex determination
- Reproduction, meiosis and DNA
- Selective breeding, genetic engineering and cloning
- Theory of evolution, speciation, fossils, extinction and resistant bacteria
- Variation and evolution by natural selection
- Coronary heart disease, health, lifestyle and cancer
- Digestive system, enzymes and food tests (RP4, RP5)
- Heart, blood vessels, blood and lungs
- Plant tissues, transport and transpiration
GCSE
GCSE Chemistry
- Atoms, elements, compounds & mixtures
- Group 0, Group 1 & Group 7
- Model of the atom, subatomic particles, isotopes & electronic structure
- The periodic table: arrangement, development, metals & non-metals
- Transition metals (Chem only)
- Diamond, graphite, graphene & fullerenes
- Ionic, covalent & metallic bonding
- Nanoparticles (Chem only)
- States of matter & properties of substances
- Purity, formulations & chromatography (RP6)
- Tests for gases & ions, flame emission spectroscopy (RP7)
- Electrolysis (RP3)
- Reactions of acids & making soluble salts (RP1)
- Reactivity of metals, extraction & redox
- pH, neutralisation, titrations (RP2) & strong/weak acids
- Atmospheric pollutants from fuels
- Composition & evolution of the atmosphere
- Greenhouse gases, climate change & carbon footprint
- Chemical cells & fuel cells (Chem only)
- Exothermic & endothermic reactions, reaction profiles & bond energies (RP4)
- Addition, condensation & natural polymers (Chem only)
- Alkenes, alcohols & carboxylic acids (Chem only)
- Crude oil, alkanes, fractional distillation & cracking
- Concentration in mol/dm³ & gas volumes (Chem only, HT)
- Conservation of mass, relative formula mass & measurement uncertainty
- Moles, reacting masses, limiting reactants & concentration in g/dm³
- Percentage yield & atom economy (Chem only)
- Rate of reaction, collision theory & catalysts (RP5)
- Reversible reactions & dynamic equilibrium
- Corrosion, alloys, ceramics, polymers & composites (Chem only)
- Earth's resources, potable water, waste water & bioextraction (RP8)
- Haber process & NPK fertilisers (Chem only)
- Life cycle assessment & recycling
GCSE
GCSE Computer Science
- Boolean logic: truth tables, logic circuits & expressions
- CPU components, fetch–execute cycle & performance
- Hardware, software & software classification (OS, utilities)
- Memory, secondary & cloud storage, embedded systems
- Programming languages & translators
- Cyber security: social engineering, malware & threats
- Environmental impacts & data privacy
- Ethical & legal impacts of digital technology
- Efficiency of algorithms
- Representing algorithms, decomposition & abstraction
- Searching algorithms: linear & binary search
- Sorting algorithms: bubble & merge sort
- Network security & the 4-layer TCP/IP model
- Networks: types, wired/wireless & protocols
- Character encoding: ASCII & Unicode
- Data compression: Huffman coding & RLE
- Number bases & converting between them
- Representing images (bitmaps, colour depth, file size)
- Representing sound (sampling rate, resolution, file size)
- Units of information & binary arithmetic (addition, shifts)
- Data structures: 1D/2D arrays & records
- Data types & arithmetic operations (DIV, MOD)
- Data validation & authentication routines
- Input/output & random number generation
- Programming concepts: sequence, selection, iteration & Boolean/relational operators
- String handling & conversions
- Structured programming & subroutines
- Testing, test data & error types
- Relational databases: tables, keys & redundancy
- SQL: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
GCSE
GCSE Computer Science
- Computational thinking: abstraction, decomposition, algorithmic thinking
- Designing algorithms: flowcharts, pseudocode, trace tables, errors
- Searching algorithms: linear and binary search
- Sorting algorithms: bubble, merge and insertion sort
- Boolean logic: gates, truth tables, logic diagrams
- IP/MAC addressing, standards, protocols and layers
- LAN/WAN, network hardware, client-server/P2P and the Internet
- Star and mesh topologies
- Wired and wireless connections and encryption
- Ethical, cultural, environmental and privacy impacts
- Legislation and software licences
- Binary addition, overflow and shifts
- Binary, denary and hexadecimal conversions
- Characters: ASCII and Unicode
- Primary storage: RAM, ROM, virtual memory
- Representing images and sound
- Secondary storage: optical, magnetic, solid state
- Identifying and preventing vulnerabilities
- Threats to computer systems and networks
- Defensive design: validation, authentication, maintainability
- Testing: test data, test plans, errors
- Arrays, records and SQL
- Data types and casting
- Programming fundamentals: variables, operators, sequence, selection, iteration
- String manipulation and file handling
- Sub programs and random numbers
- Languages, translators and IDEs
- Architecture of the CPU: components, registers, fetch-execute cycle
- CPU performance: clock speed, cache, cores
- Embedded systems
- Operating systems
- Utility software
GCSE
GCSE Maths
- Algebraic fractions
- Algebraic proof
- Functions: composite and inverse
- Graph transformations and the equation of a circle
- Graphs of quadratic, cubic, reciprocal and exponential functions; turning points
- Iteration
- Linear equations (incl. unknowns both sides, fractions)
- Linear inequalities & number lines; quadratic inequalities
- Quadratic equations: factorising, formula, completing the square
- Real-life graphs, gradient as rate, area under a graph
- Sequences: nth term (linear & quadratic), geometric, Fibonacci-type
- Simplifying, expanding & factorising (incl. quadratics)
- Simultaneous equations (linear & linear/quadratic)
- Straight-line graphs: gradient, y = mx + c, parallel & perpendicular
- Substitution & rearranging formulae (changing the subject)
- Angles: parallel lines, triangles, polygons (interior/exterior)
- Bearings
- Circle theorems
- Congruence & similarity (incl. area/volume scale factors)
- Constructions & loci
- Perimeter & area (incl. compound shapes, circles, arcs & sectors)
- Pythagoras' theorem (2D & 3D)
- Right-angled trigonometry & exact values
- Sine rule, cosine rule, area = ½ab sin C
- Transformations: reflection, rotation, translation, enlargement (incl. negative/fractional)
- Vectors (incl. vector proof)
- Volume & surface area (prisms, cylinders, cones, spheres, pyramids)
- Compound interest, growth & depreciation
- Factors, multiples, primes, HCF & LCM
- Fractions, decimals & recurring decimals
- Indices & roots (incl. fractional/negative)
- Percentages, percentage change, reverse percentages
- Place value, ordering, negative numbers & BIDMAS
- Rounding, estimation & bounds / error intervals
- Standard form
- Surds
- Basic probability, expected outcomes, relative frequency
- Conditional probability
- Sample spaces & listing outcomes (product rule for counting)
- Tree diagrams (independent & dependent/conditional)
- Venn diagrams & set notation
- Best buys, recipes, exchange rates & unit conversions
- Compound measures: speed, density, pressure
- Direct & inverse proportion (incl. algebraic)
- Rates of change & proportion graphs
- Ratio: sharing, simplifying, combining ratios, ratio problems
- Scale drawings & maps
- Averages & range (incl. from frequency tables and grouped data estimates)
- Charts: bar, pie, stem-and-leaf, frequency polygons
- Cumulative frequency & box plots (median, IQR)
- Histograms (frequency density)
- Sampling & capture-recapture
- Scatter graphs & correlation
GCSE
GCSE Physics
- Atoms, isotopes and the development of the atomic model
- Background radiation, hazards and uses of nuclear radiation (physics only)
- Half-life, irradiation and contamination
- Nuclear fission and fusion (physics only)
- Radioactive decay, nuclear radiation and nuclear equations
- Circuit symbols, charge, current, potential difference and resistance (RP3)
- Mains electricity, electrical power and the National Grid
- Resistors, thermistors, LDRs and I–V characteristics (RP4)
- Series and parallel circuits
- Static electricity and electric fields (physics only)
- Energy stores and changes in energy (KE, GPE, elastic PE)
- National and global energy resources
- Power, conservation and dissipation of energy, efficiency (RP2)
- Specific heat capacity (RP1)
- Forces and elasticity (RP6)
- Moments, levers and gears (physics only)
- Momentum and changes in momentum (Higher)
- Newton's laws of motion (RP7)
- Pressure in fluids and atmospheric pressure (physics only)
- Scalars and vectors, weight, resultant forces and work done
- Speed, velocity, acceleration and motion graphs
- Stopping distance, reaction time and braking
- Fleming's left-hand rule, F = BIl, motors and loudspeakers (Higher)
- Induced potential, generators, microphones and transformers (physics only, Higher)
- Magnets, magnetic fields and electromagnetism
- Density and changes of state (RP5)
- Internal energy and specific latent heat
- Particle motion and pressure in gases
- Red-shift and the expanding universe (physics only)
- Solar system, life cycle of stars and orbital motion (physics only)
- Black body radiation (physics only)
- Electromagnetic spectrum: properties, refraction, hazards and uses (RP10)
- Lenses and visible light (physics only)
- Reflection, sound waves, ultrasound and seismic waves (physics only, RP9)
- Transverse and longitudinal waves, wave properties and wave speed (RP8)
IGCSE
IGCSE
IGCSE Biology
- Ecosystems, quadrat sampling and biodiversity
- Food chains, food webs, pyramids and energy transfer
- Pollution, greenhouse effect, eutrophication and deforestation
- Alleles, monohybrid inheritance, pedigrees and sex determination
- Mitosis and meiosis
- Sexual vs asexual reproduction and reproduction in plants
- Variation, mutation, natural selection and antibiotic resistance
- Biological molecules and food tests
- Co-ordination, homeostasis and plant responses (tropisms)
- Diffusion, osmosis and active transport
- Enzymes (temperature and pH)
- Excretion and the kidney
- Gas exchange in humans and smoking
- Heart, blood vessels and circulation
- Hormones
- Human diet, digestion and absorption
- Levels of organisation, cell structure and stem cells
- Nervous system, synapses and reflex arcs
- Photosynthesis and plant nutrition
- Respiration
- The eye and the skin in temperature regulation
- Transport in plants (xylem, phloem, transpiration)
- Characteristics and variety of living organisms
- Food production: crops, micro-organisms, fermenters and fish farming
- Selective breeding and genetic modification
IGCSE
IGCSE Chemistry
- Acids, bases and salt preparations
- Chemical tests
- Extraction and uses of metals
- Gases in the atmosphere
- Group 1 and Group 7
- Reactivity series and rusting
- Alcohols
- Alkanes
- Alkenes
- Carboxylic acids and esters
- Crude oil, fuels and cracking
- Synthetic polymers
- Energetics
- Rates of reaction
- Reversible reactions and equilibria
- Atomic structure
- Concentration and gas volume calculations
- Covalent bonding and giant covalent structures
- Empirical and molecular formulae
- Equations, moles, reacting masses and % yield
- Ionic bonding
- Metallic bonding and electrolysis
- States of matter
- The Periodic Table
IGCSE
IGCSE Maths
- Quadratic equations: factorising, formula & completing the square
- Simultaneous equations (linear, and linear with quadratic)
- Measures, bearings, speed, density & pressure
- Similar shapes: length, area & volume ratios
- Sine rule, cosine rule, ½ab sin C & 3D Pythagoras/trigonometry
- Percentages, reverse percentages, compound interest & depreciation
- Set language, notation & Venn diagrams
- Differentiation: gradients, turning points & kinematics
- Function notation, domain, range, composite & inverse functions
- Sequences, nth term & arithmetic series
IGCSE
IGCSE Physics
- Cosmology: Big Bang, red-shift and CMB (P)
- Motion in the universe: gravity, orbits and orbital speed
- Stellar evolution, star colour and the HR diagram
- Charge, current and energy in circuits: Q = It, E = QV
- Electric charge and static electricity (P)
- Mains electricity: safety, fuses, P = IV, E = IVt, a.c./d.c.
- Series and parallel circuits, V = IR, I–V characteristics, LDRs and thermistors
- Conduction, convection, radiation and insulation
- Energy resources and electricity generation (P)
- Energy stores, conservation of energy, efficiency and Sankey diagrams
- Work, GPE, KE and power
- Forces, vectors, F = ma and weight
- Hooke's law, elasticity and the force–extension practical
- Moments, centre of gravity and the principle of moments (P)
- Momentum, conservation of momentum and Newton's third law (P)
- Movement and position: speed, acceleration and motion graphs
- Stopping distance and falling objects (terminal velocity)
- Electromagnetic induction and generators
- Electromagnets, the motor effect and the left-hand rule
- Magnets, magnetic materials and field patterns
- Transformers and power transmission (P)
- Atomic structure, isotopes, alpha/beta/gamma and nuclear equations
- Background radiation, half-life, uses and dangers of radioactivity
- Nuclear fission and fusion
- Density and the density practical
- Ideal gas molecules: Kelvin scale, p/T and pV relationships
- Particles, change of state and specific heat capacity (P)
- Pressure: p = F/A and p = hρg
- Critical angle, total internal reflection and optical fibres
- Properties of waves: v = fλ, f = 1/T, Doppler effect
- Reflection, refraction and refractive index n = sin i / sin r
- Sound: longitudinal waves, hearing range, oscilloscopes, pitch and loudness
- The electromagnetic spectrum: order, uses and dangers
A-level
A-level
A-level Computer Science
- Algorithms (graph traversal, tree traversal, Dijkstra, searching & sorting, RPN)
- Data structures (stacks, queues, graphs, trees, hash tables, dictionaries, vectors)
- Programming fundamentals & OOP (classes, inheritance, polymorphism)
- Theory of computation (FSMs, regular expressions, BNF, Turing machines, Big-O)
- Big data & functional programming
- Communication & networking (TCP/IP, subnetting, client-server)
- Computer organisation & architecture (processor, registers, assembly language)
- Consequences of uses of computing
- Data representation (two's complement, floating point, normalisation, error checking)
- Databases (normalisation, SQL)
A-level
A-level Maths
- Binomial expansion (positive integer n)
- Coordinate geometry & circles
- Differentiation (first principles, tangents, normals, stationary points)
- Exponentials & logarithms
- Integration (definite, areas)
- Proof, algebra & functions (indices, surds, quadratics, inequalities, polynomials & factor theorem)
- Trigonometry (identities, equations)
- Vectors (2D)
- 3D vectors & proof by contradiction
- Binomial for rational n; partial fractions
- Functions & graphs (modulus, composite, inverse, transformations)
- Further differentiation (chain, product, quotient, implicit, parametric, connected rates)
- Further integration (substitution, parts, partial fractions, trapezium rule, differential equations)
- Numerical methods (Newton–Raphson, iteration)
- Radians, trig (sec/cosec/cot, compound & double angle, R cos(x+a))
- Sequences & series (arithmetic, geometric, sigma, recurrence)
- Forces and Newton's laws (connected particles, pulleys, friction)
- Kinematics (SUVAT and variable acceleration)
- Normal distribution, correlation and PMCC hypothesis tests, conditional probability
- Probability, binomial distribution and binomial hypothesis testing
- Projectiles and moments
- Sampling, data presentation and large data set questions
A-level
A-level Physics
- Electricity (resistivity, circuits, EMF & internal resistance, potential dividers)
- Measurements & errors (uncertainties)
- Mechanics & materials (projectiles, momentum, work/power, Young modulus)
- Particles & radiation (quarks, leptons, conservation, photoelectric effect, energy levels)
- Waves (stationary waves, interference, diffraction, refraction)
- Fields (gravitational, electric, capacitors, magnetic fields, EM induction)
- Further mechanics (circular motion, SHM)
- Nuclear physics (radioactive decay, nuclear radius, binding energy)
- Option: Astrophysics
- Thermal physics (ideal gases, kinetic theory, specific heat & latent heat)
IB
IB
IB Computer Science
- A1 Computer fundamentals
- A2 Networks
- A3 Databases
- A4 Machine learning (HL-heavy)
- B1 Computational thinking & algorithms (searching, sorting, Big-O)
- B2 Programming in Python (data types, control, functions, files, recursion)
- B3 Object-oriented programming (classes, inheritance, polymorphism) (HL-heavy)
- B4 Abstract data types: stacks, queues, linked lists, trees (HL)
IB
IB Maths AA
- Differential equations, Euler's method, Maclaurin series (HL)
- Further differentiation & integration (implicit, related rates, by parts, substitution) (HL)
- Integration, areas, volumes of revolution (HL), kinematics
- L'Hôpital's rule & limits (HL)
- Limits, differentiation rules, tangents & normals, optimisation
- Functions: domain/range, composite/inverse, transformations, quadratics, rational functions
- 3D geometry, sine/cosine rule, radians, arcs & sectors
- Probability: Venn/tree, conditional, discrete & binomial, normal distribution, Bayes (HL), continuous random variables (HL)
- Statistics: regression, correlation, data presentation
- Trig identities & equations, compound angles (HL), reciprocal & inverse trig (HL)
- Vectors, lines & planes (HL)
- Binomial theorem, proof & complex numbers
- Counting principles, partial fractions, systems of equations
- Polynomials, roots of polynomials & modulus inequalities
- Sequences & series, financial maths, exponents & logs
IB
IB Physics
- A: Kinematics, forces, momentum, energy, rigid bodies and relativity
- B: Thermal physics, greenhouse effect, gases, thermodynamics and circuits
- C: SHM, waves, wave phenomena, standing waves and Doppler effect
- D: Fields, motion in EM fields & induction
- E: Atom, quantum physics, nuclear decay, fission, fusion & stars
- Uncertainties, graphs & data-based questions